Pump introduction

Detailed explanation of the working principle of horizontal multistage pump Horizontal multistage pump realizes multiple pressurization of liquid by connecting multiple impellers in series on the same shaft, thereby meeting the transportation requirements of high head. The following is a detailed explanation of its working principle from the aspects of structural composition, work flow, energy conversion, etc.   1. Structural basis Horizontal multistage pump is mainly composed of suction section, middle section, discharge section, impeller, pump shaft, guide vane, sealing components (such as mechanical seal or packing seal), bearing components, etc. The pump body is arranged in the horizontal direction, and multiple impellers are installed on the pump shaft in sequence. Adjacent impellers are separated by the middle section and guide vanes are set. The impeller is the core working component with several curved blades; the guide vane surrounds the outer periphery of the impeller and looks like a fixed blade. Its function is to guide the flow of liquid and convert energy.   2. Work flow 1. Liquid suction: Before starting, the pump body and the suction pipeline must be filled with liquid to exclude air. When the pump is started, the impeller rotates at high speed (usually at 1450r/min or 2900r/min), and a low-pressure area is formed in the center of the impeller due to centrifugal force. Under the action of atmospheric pressure or the pressure of the front equipment, the liquid enters the pump through the suction section and flows to the center of the impeller. 2. Centrifugal supercharging: The liquid entering the impeller rotates at high speed with the impeller under the push of the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge of the impeller along the flow channel between the blades, and the flow rate and pressure increase significantly. 3. Guide vane flow guidance and energy conversion: The high-speed liquid thrown out of the impeller enters the guide vane, and the flow channel of the guide vane gradually expands and diffuses. When the liquid flows in the guide vane, the flow rate gradually decreases, and the liquid is smoothly guided to the inlet of the next impeller. 4. Multi-stage continuous supercharging: After the supercharging of the first-stage impeller and guide vane, the liquid enters the inlet of the second-stage impeller, repeating the above process of obtaining kinetic energy in the impeller and converting it into pressure energy in the guide vane. Horizontal multistage pumps are usually composed of 2-12 impellers. The pressure of the liquid is increased once after each impeller and guide vane. The multistage series connection allows the liquid to be pressurized multiple times and finally reach a higher pressure, which is discharged from the discharge section to meet the needs of long-distance transportation or overcoming high resistance.   3. Energy conversion mechanism During the operation of the horizontal multistage pump, the motor transmits mechanical energy to the pump shaft through the coupling to drive the impeller to rotate. The impeller works on the liquid and converts the mechanical energy into the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid. In the impeller, the conversion of mechanical energy to the kinetic energy of the liquid is mainly realized; in the guide vanes and the expansion flow channel of the pump body, the kinetic energy of the liquid is gradually converted into pressure energy. In the whole process, although there is energy loss caused by friction, impact and other factors, the energy conversion efficiency can be effectively improved by reasonably designing the shape and size of the impeller and guide vanes, so that the horizontal multistage pump can operate efficiently and stably.   4. Working characteristics The horizontal multistage pump has remarkable characteristics due to its unique working principle. Compared with single-stage pumps, it can achieve higher head and is suitable for high-rise building water supply, long-distance water delivery, mine drainage and other occasions that require high-pressure liquid delivery. At the same time, the flow rate of multi-stage pumps is relatively stable. By adjusting the speed, number of stages or parallel operation of the pump, the performance parameters of the pump can be flexibly adjusted to meet the needs of different working conditions.